Hebrew 101: Lesson 10

Semantics of Verb Paradigm Related Roots

Understanding how different binyanim (verb paradigms) change the meaning of the same root.

Example: Root ש-ב-ר (SH-B-R) - "Breaking"

Binyan Hebrew Meaning Semantic Function
Paal שָׁבַר broke Simple active
Niphal נִשְׁבַּר was broken Passive
Piel שִׁבֵּר shattered Intensive
Hiphil הִשְׁבִּיר caused to break Causative
Hitpael הִשְׁתַּבֵּר broke down (emotionally) Reflexive

Semantic Patterns

Each binyan tends to have characteristic meanings:

  • Niphal - passive or reflexive actions
  • Piel - intensive or repetitive actions
  • Hiphil - causing someone else to do something
  • Hitpael - reflexive or reciprocal actions